Although these analyses included a presurgical spine surgery candidate sample, findings were not reported for bariatric surgery candidates. Thus, the current project which examines the validation of the MMPI-3 in both female and male bariatric surgery candidates is important to long-time users of the MMPI-2 and the MMPI-2-RF.īen-Porath and Tellegen ( 2020b) provide extensive data analyses demonstrating that the empirical correlates of MMPI-3 scale scores are comparable to those obtained with MMPI-2-RF versions of these scales. Currently, the MMPI-3 has a female only bariatric surgery candidate population as a standard comparison group more data are needed to create a male bariatric surgery candidate standard comparison group. To date, the MMPI-2-RF has been a particularly useful psychometric tool in bariatric surgery psychological evaluations because it has bariatric norms. The MMPI-3 consists of 335 items comprising 52 scales, which include 10 validity scales, 3 higher-order scales, 8 restructured clinical scales, 26 specific problem scales (within the domains of somatic/cognitive, internalizing, externalizing, and interpersonal), and 5 PSY-5 scales. The goals of the MMPI-3 revision were to collect new normative data representative of the 2020 census and enhance content coverage while building on the previous MMPI instruments’ strong foundations (Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2020a). Extensive research with the previous version, the MMPI-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2008/2011), demonstrated good psychometric properties in bariatric samples, including predictive utility, reliability and validity, and replicable comparison group data (Marek et al., 2021 Tarescavage et al., 2013).

The newest version of the test, the MMPI-3 (Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2020a), was released in November 2020. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) instruments have been commonly used in bariatric surgery clinics as broadband measures to assess a range of relevant psychosocial domains (Bauchowitz et al., 2005 Walfish et al., 2007). The ASMBS recommendations indicate that presurgical assessment should include psychometric testing in addition to the clinical interview, with the rationale that test data can aid in forming a more comprehensive clinical impression, provide information that may not be sufficiently covered or available within the time restrictions of the interview, and reveal information about the patient that may not have been disclosed during the interview (Sogg et al., 2016). The American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) recommends a presurgical psychological assessment to identify psychosocial risk factors and provide recommendations to both the patient and multidisciplinary team that aim to facilitate the best outcome for the patient (Sogg et al., 2016). We conclude that the substantive scales of the MMPI-3 are reliable, comparable to their MMPI-2-RF counterparts, and evidence good convergent validity with extra-test measures assessing depression, anxiety, alcohol use, and eating disorder psychopathology in a preoperative bariatric sample.Īlthough bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe obesity in terms of long-term weight loss and reduction in medical comorbidities (Ahmed et al., 2018 Jakobsen et al., 2018 O’Brien et al., 2019), some patients experience suboptimal surgical outcomes (King et al., 2018, 2020).

Meaningful discriminant patterns were observed as well. Scores on most of the MMPI-3 Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction scales were meaningfully associated with the PHQ-9, GAD-7, and most EDE-Q subscales (except for Restraint). The majority (79.1%) of the sample was female, 65.5% was white, and 26.6% was Black. Six hundred and thirty-five presurgical patients completed the MMPI-3 in addition to the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C), and Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q). This study sought to (1) establish whether the MMPI-3 is comparable to the MMPI-2-RF in a sample of patients seeking bariatric surgery, (2) report reliability data for all MMPI-3 scale scores in this sample, and (3) explore associations between commonly used self-report symptom measures and substantive scales of the MMPI-3 to ascertain convergent and discriminant validity patterns. The newest version of the MMPI, the MMPI-3, was recently released. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) has been commonly used as a broadband measure to assess a number of psychosocial domains in bariatric clinics. Such assessment typically includes psychometric testing and a clinical interview. Presurgical psychological assessment of bariatric surgery candidates aims to identify psychosocial risk factors and provide treatment recommendations to facilitate optimal outcomes.

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